x + 1
x plus one
x -1
x minus one
x ± 1
x plus or minus one
xy
x y; x times y; x multiplied by y
(x — y)(x + y)
x minus y, x plus y
x/y
x over y; x divided by y;
x ÷ y
x divided by y
x = 5
x equals 5; x is equal to 5
x ≈ y
x is approximately equal to y
x ≡ y
x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y
x ≠ y
x is not equal to y
x > y
x is greater than y
x < y
x is less than y
x ≥ y
x is greater than or equal to y
x ≤ y
x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1
zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1
0 ≤ x ≤ 1
zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1
x²
x squared
x³
x cubed
x4
x to the fourth; x to the power four
xn
x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n
x-n
x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n
√
root x; square root x; the square root of x
∛
the cube root of x
∜
the fourth root of x
the nth root of x
(x + y)²
x plus y all squared
(x/y)²
x over y all squared
n!
n factorial; factorial n
x%
x percent
∞
infinity
x ∝ y
x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y
x ∝ 1/y
x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y
ẋ
x dot
ẍ
x double dot
f(x) fx
f of x; the function of x
f'(x)
f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x
f”x
f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x
f”'(x)
f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x
f(4)
f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
∂v
the partial derivative of v
∂v
∂θ
delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ
∂
²
v
∂θ²
delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ
dv
the derivative of v
d
v
dθ
d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta
d
²
v
dθ²
d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta,
∫
integral
integral from zero to infinity
∑
sum
the sum from i equals 1 to n
w.r.t.
with respect to
logey
log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y
∴
therefore
∵
because
→
gives, approaches
Δx → 0
delta x approaches zero
lim
Δx→0
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
Lt
Δx→0
the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
m/sec
metres per second
x ∈ A
x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A
x∉ A
x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A
A⊂ B
A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B
A ⊆ B
A is contained in B; A is a subset of B
A ⋂ B
A intersection B
A ⋃ B
A union B
cos x
cos x; cosine x
sin x
sine x
tan x
tangent x, tan x
cosec x
cosec x
sinh x
shine x
cosh x
cosh x
tanh x
than x
|x|
mod x; modulus x
18 ℃
eighteen degrees Centigrade
70 ℉
seventy degrees Fahrenheit